The creek is entirely within the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Kingston. The watershed of Trout Brook has an area of 4.20 square miles (10.9 km 2). However, there is also an area of alluvium near its mouth. The surficial geology in the vast majority of areas near Trout Brook features a glacial or resedimented till known as Wisconsinan Till and bedrock consisting of sandstone and shale. Chief Gathering, LLC has an erosion and sediment control permit involving the stream. This has lowered the depth of the streambed to a few feet in locations where it was considerably deeper at times during the 20th century. The stream has also been affected by sediment accumulating in it.
Logs and other types of debris commonly wash into Trout Brook. The elevation of the stream's source is just over 1,200 feet (370 m) above sea level.
The elevation near the mouth of Trout Brook is 1,020 feet (310 m) above sea level. Trout Brook joins Toby Creek 7.60 miles (12.23 km) upstream of its mouth.
